In an unprecedented twist in the global race for citizenship, several countries are now accepting cryptocurrencies as a form of payment for citizenship or residency, turning heads across the financial spectrum. As of today, September 6, 2025, Vanuatu, El Salvador, and Portugal are among the countries offering this modern twist on the age-old concept of buying one’s way into a new nation, with required investments varying wildly from $100,000 to a staggering $1 million, depending on the locale and specific program.
Crypto Citizenship: A New Frontier
The notion of purchasing citizenship isn’t new. However, introducing cryptocurrency into the mix adds a novel dimension that could reshape how people think about national borders. Vanuatu, a Pacific island nation, has become a pioneer by allowing investors to buy citizenship with Bitcoin. This move positions Vanuatu as a crypto-friendly haven, attractively poised for digital nomads and those seeking a tax-friendly jurisdiction. According to crypto analyst Sarah Thompson, “What Vanuatu is doing is tapping into a niche market. They’re essentially advertising to the world’s crypto wealthy, offering not just a passport, but a lifestyle.”
Meanwhile, El Salvador, already a trailblazer in the crypto world for adopting Bitcoin as legal tender back in 2021, has taken it a step further. The country now extends golden visa options to Bitcoin investors. This initiative aligns seamlessly with President Nayib Bukele’s vision of transforming El Salvador into a Bitcoin hub. The golden visa not only provides residency but also offers a pathway to citizenship within five years, an enticing offer for crypto enthusiasts eager to plant roots in a burgeoning Bitcoin ecosystem. This follows a pattern of institutional adoption, which we detailed in our analysis of corporate treasury investments.
Portugal: The Digital Nomad’s Dream
Portugal, too, is making waves by accepting cryptocurrency for its golden visa program. Known for its picturesque landscapes and vibrant culture, the country has been a magnet for digital nomads. The introduction of crypto payments for residency could further fuel this trend, especially since Portugal currently offers attractive tax benefits for crypto holders. Crypto strategist Miguel Duarte noted, “Portugal is capitalizing on its reputation as a digital hub. By embracing crypto, it’s opening doors to a new demographic of global citizens seeking more than just tax breaks.”
However, while the allure of cryptocurrency-funded citizenship is undeniable, it doesn’t come without its complexities. The fluctuating nature of crypto markets raises questions about the stability and security of such investments. Could a sudden market crash impact the value of these investments, and subsequently, one’s eligibility for citizenship or residency? These are the uncertainties both investors and governments must grapple with. For a deeper dive into the market dynamics, see our coverage of the latest crypto market trends.
The Global Implications
The broader implications of this trend are significant. Countries like Malta have also expressed interest in exploring similar avenues, which could lead to a more widespread acceptance of crypto in international transactions. Yet, this also raises regulatory questions. How will traditional financial systems adapt to these changes? Can governments ensure transparency and prevent misuse? These are the questions regulators and policymakers are keen to address as the crypto-citizenship phenomenon gains traction.
Interestingly, not all responses have been positive. Critics argue that such programs could exacerbate issues of inequality, giving the ultra-wealthy yet another avenue to circumvent traditional immigration pathways. Moreover, the environmental impact of cryptocurrency mining—particularly Bitcoin—remains a contentious issue.
As the world watches these developments unfold, the integration of cryptocurrency into citizenship and residency programs could redefine the landscape of global mobility. It’s a bold experiment, blending 21st-century technology with one of the oldest human desires: the quest for a new home. Whether this trend will usher in a new era of digital citizenship or face insurmountable challenges remains to be seen. For now, though, it’s a fascinating development in the ever-evolving narrative of cryptocurrency’s role in our world.
Source
This article is based on: 4 countries that let you buy citizenship or a golden visa with crypto
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Steve Gregory is a lawyer in the United States who specializes in licensing for cryptocurrency companies and products. Steve began his career as an attorney in 2015 but made the switch to working in cryptocurrency full time shortly after joining the original team at Gemini Trust Company, an early cryptocurrency exchange based in New York City. Steve then joined CEX.io and was able to launch their regulated US-based cryptocurrency. Steve then went on to become the CEO at currency.com when he ran for four years and was able to lead currency.com to being fully acquired in 2025.
