In a recent revelation that could significantly impact the cryptocurrency industry, Caitlin Long, CEO of Wyoming-chartered Custodia Bank, has stated that companies like Ripple won’t be getting direct access to the Federal Reserve’s payment system anytime soon. Her comments have sparked debate across the crypto community about the barriers facing these firms and what the future holds for stablecoin issuers.
The Current Landscape
Caitlin Long explained that the path to the Federal Reserve’s rails is riddled with regulatory challenges, particularly for firms operating under trust charters. According to Long, entities such as Ripple must evolve into true depository institutions if they want to gain direct access to the Fed’s payment system. “Stablecoin issuers are not legally depository institutions,” she highlighted, underscoring a pivotal regulatory hurdle that Ripple and similar companies must overcome.
For those unfamiliar, a depository institution refers to financial entities that are legally permitted to accept monetary deposits from consumers. This category includes banks and credit unions, but crucially, not firms operating under trust charters without the ability to hold deposits in a traditional sense.
Ripple’s Position and Challenges
Ripple, known for its innovative approach to cross-border payments using blockchain technology, has long been a trailblazer in the cryptocurrency space. However, gaining access to the Federal Reserve’s payment system remains a distant goal. This system is a critical component of the U.S. financial infrastructure, enabling the secure and efficient transfer of funds between institutions.
Ripple’s ambitions to integrate more deeply with this system have been hindered by its current status. Without becoming a depository institution, Ripple’s direct access to the Fed’s payment rails is unlikely. This restriction could slow their progress in expanding services that rely on seamless and instantaneous financial transactions.
A Broader Implication for the Crypto Industry
Long’s remarks resonate beyond Ripple, touching on a broader issue facing the cryptocurrency industry. Many stablecoin issuers and other blockchain-based companies operate under a similar regulatory framework. The necessity of achieving depository institution status poses a significant challenge, as it involves meeting stringent regulatory requirements and oversight that many crypto firms have thus far avoided.
This situation presents a double-edged sword. On one hand, becoming a depository institution could confer legitimacy and broaden market opportunities for these companies. On the other, the regulatory burden could stifle innovation and limit the agile, disruptive nature that has characterized the industry thus far.
The Road Ahead: Opportunities and Obstacles
The prospect of becoming a depository institution is not entirely bleak. Some industry insiders argue that it could lead to a more stable and integrated financial ecosystem. By adhering to traditional regulatory frameworks, crypto firms might gain access to a wider range of financial services and infrastructure, potentially enhancing trust and security for users.
However, the path to this transition is fraught with challenges. The process of obtaining a depository institution license is complex and can be costly, demanding significant time and resources. Moreover, the crypto industry thrives on its ability to operate outside traditional financial norms, and some fear that increased regulation could diminish this innovative edge.
Balancing Innovation and Regulation
Caitlin Long’s insights shine a light on the delicate balance between innovation and regulation in the crypto space. While the prospect of direct access to the Fed’s payment system is appealing, it requires a level of conformity that many in the industry are hesitant to embrace.
Long’s comments suggest that the path forward may involve a strategic compromise. Crypto firms might need to adopt some level of traditional financial practices to gain regulatory approval, without sacrificing the core principles that make blockchain technology revolutionary.
This balancing act will undoubtedly shape the future of the crypto industry. As firms like Ripple navigate these waters, their decisions could set precedents for others looking to bridge the gap between traditional finance and digital innovation.
Conclusion
Ripple’s quest for a Federal Reserve master account underscores a pivotal moment for the cryptocurrency industry. Caitlin Long’s assessment highlights the regulatory challenges ahead and the need for strategic adaptation. As crypto companies weigh the benefits of becoming depository institutions against the potential loss of their innovative spirit, the decisions made in these coming years will likely define the trajectory of digital finance.
The conversation around Ripple and the Federal Reserve is just one chapter in the broader narrative of cryptocurrency’s evolution. As stakeholders from all sides engage in this dialogue, the outcome will influence not just the future of individual companies but the very foundation of how we understand and interact with money in a digital age.

Steve Gregory is a lawyer in the United States who specializes in licensing for cryptocurrency companies and products. Steve began his career as an attorney in 2015 but made the switch to working in cryptocurrency full time shortly after joining the original team at Gemini Trust Company, an early cryptocurrency exchange based in New York City. Steve then joined CEX.io and was able to launch their regulated US-based cryptocurrency. Steve then went on to become the CEO at currency.com when he ran for four years and was able to lead currency.com to being fully acquired in 2025.

